Understanding High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common condition where the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high. Often called the "silent killer," it can cause serious health problems without obvious symptoms. This educational guide helps you understand blood pressure, risk factors, and management strategies.
Blood Pressure Categories
Normal Blood Pressure
- • Systolic: Less than 120 mmHg
- • Diastolic: Less than 80 mmHg
- • Optimal for heart health
- • Regular monitoring recommended
High Blood Pressure
- • Stage 1: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
- • Stage 2: 140+/90+ mmHg
- • Requires medical attention
- • Lifestyle changes and medication
Risk Factors for High Blood Pressure
Modifiable Risk Factors:
- • Unhealthy diet (high sodium, low potassium)
- • Physical inactivity
- • Obesity or overweight
- • Excessive alcohol consumption
- • Smoking and tobacco use
- • Chronic stress
When to Seek Emergency Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- • Severe headache with confusion
- • Chest pain or pressure
- • Severe shortness of breath
- • Vision changes or loss
- • Blood pressure over 180/120 mmHg
Lifestyle Management
Dietary Changes
- • Reduce sodium intake (less than 2,300mg/day)
- • Increase potassium-rich foods
- • Follow DASH diet principles
- • Limit processed foods
- • Moderate alcohol consumption
Physical Activity
- • 150 minutes moderate exercise weekly
- • Regular aerobic activities
- • Strength training 2x per week
- • Daily walking or movement
- • Stress-reducing activities
Monitoring and Treatment
Regular Monitoring:
- • Home blood pressure monitoring
- • Regular healthcare provider visits
- • Medication adherence (if prescribed)
- • Lifestyle modification tracking
- • Annual comprehensive checkups
Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Provider
- 1. What is my target blood pressure?
- 2. How often should I monitor at home?
- 3. What lifestyle changes should I make?
- 4. Do I need medication?
- 5. What are the signs of complications?