Understanding Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body processes blood sugar (glucose). There are two main types: Type 1 diabetes, where the body doesn't produce insulin, and Type 2 diabetes, where the body doesn't use insulin effectively. Early recognition of symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. This educational guide helps you understand common diabetes symptoms and when to seek medical attention.
Common Symptoms
- Frequent urination - Increased need to urinate, especially at night
- Excessive thirst - Constant feeling of being thirsty despite drinking fluids
- Unexplained weight loss - Losing weight without trying, even when eating normally
- Fatigue - Feeling tired and weak, even after adequate rest
- Blurred vision - Difficulty focusing or seeing clearly
- Slow-healing sores - Cuts, bruises, or infections that take longer to heal
Possible Causes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas can't produce enough insulin. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, age, and certain medical conditions. Gestational diabetes can occur during pregnancy due to hormonal changes.
Risk Factors
- Family history of diabetes
- Being overweight or obese
- Physical inactivity
- Age (risk increases with age)
- High blood pressure
- History of gestational diabetes
When to See a Doctor
Seek immediate medical attention if:
- Severe dehydration or excessive thirst
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
- Fruity-smelling breath
- Nausea and vomiting
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
- What tests do I need to confirm diabetes?
- What are my treatment options?
- How can I manage my blood sugar levels?
- What lifestyle changes should I make?
- Are there any support groups or educational resources you recommend?